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Unit 2 Reflection

This Unit, The Chemistry of Life, was mainly about molecules and macromolecules. I learned that atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds are all different types of chemical bonds that occur within molecules. There are four big macromolecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are saccharides (sugars) that store energy and are formed of rings of carbon, hyrdogen, and oxygen. Lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen called fatty acids, and lipids store energy, make up cell membranes, and make hormones. Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller molecules chained together called amino acids; they support the body, speed up chemical reactions, help cells communicate, and let items through the cell membrane. Nucleic acids make up DNA and are composed of repeating nucleotides, each nucleotide containing on phosphate, sugar, and base. Enzymes are a type of protein, and their functionality is determi

Unit 6 Reflection

This unit was all about bioethics and biotech. Biotech is the study and manipulation of organisms to benefit humans. The four applications of biotech are industrial, agricultural, medical, and diagnostic. Gene therapy, breeding, GMOs, genetic testing, and fermentation are examples of biotech. PCR amplifies the DNA region and will make millions of copies of a DNA sequence. The steps of PCR are the DNA denatures, anneals, extends, and repeats the cycle all over again. Gel electrophoresis uses electricity to separate DNA fragments by size. We did a lab with gel electrophoresis and here is a picture of various dye DNA fragments sorted by size. The link to the lab analysis is also below. I learned a lot from this lab, such as you have to be extremely precise when inserting the dye into the wells. Also, I learned whih dyes have larger and smaller fragments of DNA. Candy Eectrophoresis Lab We learned about recombinant DNA is when a faulty gene is replaced with a healthier gene, r

Unit 9 Reflection

This unit was basically all about classifying life and how we classify life. It also helped me see that not all life can be simply classified, as it sometimes seems. Life is divided into domains, kingdoms, phylums, class, order, family, genus, and species. The five kingdoms of life are animals, protists, fungi, monera, and plants. Within these kingdoms, certain taxa can be classified, and I will talk about each major taxa and a major defining characteristic. Some invertebrates are porifera (both asexual and sexual, filter feeders, asymmetrical) cnidaria (specialized tissues, stinging cells), flatworm (bilateral, incomplete gut, parasitic), mollusk (digestive tract with two openings, radula, mantle, ctendia), annelida (segmented bodies, colem), arthropod (chitin exoskeleton, open circulatory system, joint appendages, segmented body), insect (metamorphosis, head, thorax, abdomen), crustacea (cephalothorax and abdomen, exoskeleton, carapace), and echinoderm (radial symmetry, inte

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